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Título: ADAPTACIÓN DEL EMDR y TERAPIA BREVE
CENTRADA EN EL CLIENTE PARA CAMBIAR
PERCEPCIONES NEGATIVAS y TRAUMÁTICAS

Profesora: Dra. Mª Consuelo Barreda-Hanson
Directora del Departamento de Psicología
Hospital de Canberra, AUSTRALIA
EDmail: consuelo.barreda-hanson@act.gov.au

BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DEL TALLER
Introducción: El estrés subsiguiente después de un traumatismo, representa un trastorno disfuncional – tanto interno como externo – que se manifiesta en alteraciones en el reconocimiento cognitivo y en los comportamientos, llevando además asociados síntomas somáticos, afloramiento de problemas inconscientes y ansiedades. Pues una de las características del estrés post-traumático, es precisamente la pérdida de equilibrio entre el mundo interno y externo de quien lo sufre. Por eso, ante la complejidad de las respuestas post-traumáticas, éstas se pueden catalogar en gran medida dentro de las perturbaciones psicopatológicas.
El estrés psicológico surge por una situación estresante “real”, externa, tangible y la reacción ante esta difícil experiencia, evoca un conjunto bastante universal y coherente de síntomas y respuestas que provocan reacciones primitivas relacionadas con temores inconscientes ante las amenazas a la vida, que hacen aflorar incipientemente fantasías e impulsos abrumadores. Los resultados son los pensamientos disfuncionales que conducen a las respuestas y a los comportamientos desadaptativos.

Objetivos: el taller está diseñado para proporcionar a estudiantes y profesionales de la Psicología – que trabajan o desean trabajar en esta área del trauma y el cambio de comportamientos -, la habilidad para utilizar eficaz y rápidamente intervenciones breves, que puedan poner en practicar incluso en casa. En el taller se estudiará la forma inicial de evaluar, tanto al trauma como a la clientela. Se trabajará la historia del trauma y se profundizará en sus consecuencias y en cómo diseñar las intervenciones breves para hacerles frente. También se centrará en averiguar qué cambios quieren los y las clientes a través de relatos y visualizaciones, utilizando una adaptación de las terapias EMDR y la Solución Enfocada tanto a crear el cambio deseado, como a mantenerlo.

En consecuencia el taller es de particular interés para quienes trabajan con personas que han sufrido cualquier tipo de trauma, o quienes perciben acontecimientos de la vida, experiencias, etc. que les afectan de forma negativa en su día a día. También es útil para las personas que sufren de TOC, sobre todo trastornos del pensamiento.

Los aspectos más útiles de las dos técnicas que se han adaptado junto con otras innovaciones de la autora, guardan relación con la creación de un ambiente seguro, no-traumático, que actúa rápidamente y que además, se puede realizar en casa sin peligro de consecuencias negativas.

Objetivos específicos:
1. Ser capaz de describir e identificar las manifestaciones del trauma.
2. Aprender y describir dos técnicas terapéuticas breves en el tratamiento del trauma
3. Definir una técnica breve terapéutica que puede ser utilizada para fomentar el cambio
4. Destacar el rol del o de la terapeuta durante el tratamiento de los traumatismos
5. Ser capaz de describir, diseñar y establecer metas de la terapia y promover cambios mediante el uso de técnicas de terapia breve.

Métodos: la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por Movimientos Oculares (EMRD), es un método complejo e integrador de la psicoterapia individual, mediante el que se guía al cliente utilizando un procedimiento para acceder a sus experiencias y resolver sus problemas conductuales y emocionales. El EMDR utiliza elementos de múltiples orientaciones psicoterapéuticas tanto psicodinámicas, como cognitivo- conductuales, enfoques centrados en el cliente, gestalt y bioenergéticos.

La premisa subyacente de EMDR es que las experiencias de pánico y ansiedad se procesan de forma diferente por el cerebro que las experiencias habituales. La teoría subyacente es que durante el estrés, la memoria grava en una parte del cerebro responsable de las emociones de modulación (la amígdala) y se cierra temporalmente otra parte del cerebro (el hipocampo), responsable de procesamiento de la memoria normal. La experiencia traumática queda atrapada en el exterior y potencialmente no forma parte del procesamiento normal del cerebro, y el EMDR permite a la persona acceder a la experiencia y transformarla en memoria declarativa en el hipocampo. Con el método EMDR, el hipocampo se puede abrir a las emociones evocadas por la experiencia para que el/la cliente pueda soportarlas mientras se realiza el tratamiento. La distracción y la atención a la estimulación bilateral, desempeñan un importante papel que ayuda al cliente a experimentar las emociones como tolerables. Aunque cómo la distracción bilateral en concreto, facilita el procesamiento de las experiencias dolorosas, sea algo que todavía no se termina de entender.
Por otra parte, las Intervenciones Breves de Terapias enfocadas al Cliente se centran en las excepciones del problema, pensando que a continuación se desarrollará un cambio natural en el comportamiento. Es una especie de visión orientada no en las formas tradicionales, sino hacia el futuro, sin profundizar demasiado en la “patología” sino más bien centrándose en lo que el sistema puede hacer para adaptarse a ella, puesto que ambos pueden decidir si esa “patología” es un problema o no lo es.

Las Intervenciones de Terapia Breve enfocadas al Cliente se utilizan para resolver una variedad de problemas de comportamientos y actitudes, mediante el uso de los propios recursos de los y las clientes y las observaciones de las estrategias que utilizan para alcanzar los resultados deseados, en sus situaciones vitales habituales. Se trata de una buena técnica para establecer y mantener un contexto de cambio en el que los pequeños, pero útiles cambios, se anticipan y se buscan.

En definitiva, la combinación de ambas técnicas con algunas variaciones desarrolladas por la Dra. Barreda-Hanson, han demostrado ser una herramienta poderosa para mejorar la respuesta al tratamiento en un período de tiempo más corto, teniendo también la ventaja de permitir practicar los ejercicios en casa.

Aplicaciones: la aplicación habitual del EMDR ha sido el tratamiento de trastornos emocionales relacionados con eventos muy perturbadores o traumáticos. Pero también se usa para trabajar síntomas preocupantes como la ansiedad, la depresión, la culpa y la ira. E igualmente, se puede utilizar para mejorar recursos emocionales tales como la confianza y la autoestima.

Procedimientos:
- El taller se impartirá en español y el alumnado recibirá amplios folletos complementarios.
- Se realizará en una única jornada, en sesión de mañana para teoría y de tarde para prácticas, trabajando cada modelo por separado.
- Se espera que quienes asistan lleven una cuestión-problema sobre la que trabajar utilizando las diversas técnicas, pues aunque se utilizarán múltiples ej. de casos reales, se alentará a quienes participen a traer sus propias experiencias e ideas para debatir y trabajar sobre ellas.
Inscripciones: mediante e-mail dirigido a: …………………….., ……………….….., abonando los 00 euros de la matrícula en la mesa de inscripciones del 70 Congreso del International Council of Psychologist, en el Hall de la Facultad de Psicología (C/ Camilo José Cela s/n), el 10 de Septiembre, en horario de mañana.

Report on the 30th International Congress of Psychology 22-27th July 2012 in Cape Town, South Africa

Approximately five and half thousand members of the International Congress of Psychology attended the conference held in South Africa. There were over 80 countries represented. Needless to say they were not all members of the International Council of Psychologists, but we did our best to persuade them to be so! Our own membership there was less than a dozen, but those that came found it stimulating to be in South Africa and in Cape Town most especially, and to meet many delegates from other countries.

I had the pleasure of meeting the President of the ICP, Saths Cooper and the Past President, Rainer Silbersen. The theme of the Congress was “Psychology serving Humanity.”

The scientific programme was outstanding with many speakers from 80 plus countries. The programme covered such themes as: assessment and evaluation, aviation psychology (medicine) cognitive psychology, community psychology, counselling, culture developmental psychology, educational psychology, and engineering psychology, as well as human factors. Ethics was also on the programme. A total of 44 areas were covered during the six days of the conference including an opening and a closing ceremony.
Our own ICP Inc. get-together was on 26th July. Tara Pir organised matters for our Symposium very well and was very generous in presenting us with a social hour at which time as Discussant, I presented a summary of the organised symposium on “The Challenges and Opportunities of GLOBAL ageing in the Technological Era: From Adolescent to Adulthood to Elder Adulthood”.

As Discussant I was asked to summarise the talks given by the three speakers. This now follows.

The first speaker was Justina Aire, Professor in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at St Georges University, Grenada. Justina discussed the effect of developing technology on the normal problems of adolescents as they develop. She mentioned about adolescents as a whole engaging in risky behaviour, but stated that this behaviour was dependent on their genetic makeup as well as their experiences both good and bad. She emphasised the fact that many adolescents were exposed to physical and sexual violence and the explosion of technological development and devices which are ever growing. The policing of this for adults is difficult due to the fact that they do not have an easy grasp of such technologies. The technological devices have led to an unhealthy lifestyle for all, including many young people, who because of their frequent use of computers, suffer from obesity and being less active.

The second speaker was Amos Alao, presently a Professor of Counselling Psychology in the Department of Psychology, Covenant University, Nigeria. Amos spoke about the effect of technology on those aged 17-45 or middle adult stage leading up to 65 years of age. He discussed the development of adolescents as they became more independent and the fact that their roles change. These changes are based on both biological factors, as well as cultural and social factors. They also change cognitively and experience, in many cases, the effects of competition and not being able to obtain jobs, despite having a good education. He mentioned the gender and role changes as individuals became older and more mature. He also noted that women have become more assertive and independent and there have become more increasing conflicts with men as a result. This is also the case in employment opportunities. He emphasised that there is a need to accept changes and that more modern parents tended to be more permissive in their child rearing practices which may not be a good thing for the future.

Our final speaker was Florence Denmark, from Pace University, New York, well known to everyone due to her being an internationally recognised scholar and policy maker. Florence is currently the main NGO representative to the UN for the ICP Inc. and serves on the UN Executive Committees of Ageing, Mental Health, and Family. Florence spoke about the effect of developing technology on the aged. Her first point was that the population of the aged will double between 2000 and 2050. There appears to be an 18-19% increase in the aged over time. She also emphasised the importance of improving the quality of life of those who are older and stressed that older people are not always helpless or incompetent. In certain areas many are still employed and this should be encouraged. They should also have access to technology and adopt a healthy and active lifestyle. There should be more recognition of the role of older parents and grandparents caring for children. She stressed that there was too much emphasis on the elderly suffering from dementia. Many were still active and achieving long into old age. She felt that it was vital to emphasise dignity, health and independence in the elderly. Florence also mentioned the ministerial conference on ageing in Vienna to be held shortly.

I would like to thank all those who attended and say to those who wished to attend but for whatever reason were unable to do so for physical or health reasons and other factors, that we missed your presence. Again may I complement Tara Pir for her excellent organisation skills and making the smallness of our numbers a positive experience rather than a deficit.
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All best wishes to our ICP Inc. family,

Ludwig Lowenstein
President of ICP.
My own presentation was on terrorism and was entitled “Terrorists in our midst”.

Download International Psychologist, June 2012: Volume 52, Number 2

Newsletter Highlights

• Message from:

        *President Dr. Ludwig Lowenstein, England:Pleased to have a wonderful family of fellow players on my team working hard for the future of ICP Inc., seeking new members in a variety of ways. Ideas seem to be flashing around like lightning! commend Dr. Ana Guil, Board Director at Large, for her hard work to put the conference venue together. Looking forward to the
Symposium in South Africa and the
conference in Seville

Download International Psychologist Volume 52, Number 1, Part B – International Understanding

International Understanding Highlights

• Florence L. Denmark, Ph.D. ICP Main Representative: ICP AT THE UNITED NATIONS.
• Ann O”Roark, Ph.D. – ELECTIONS: The ballot will be sent out to all dues-paid members in May or June 2012.
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 In-Process by the American Psychiatric Association
  International Controversy: Selected Comments
• ICSU: International Council for Science welcomes Dr. Steven Wilson as Executive Director
• Dr. Elisa Margaona: INTRODUCTION TO PAPER “CULTURAL FACTORS IN LEADERSHIP—LATIN AMERICA
• ICP 68th PROCEEDINGS BOOK
• Submission of bids to host the International Congress of Psychology in 2020<>/li>
• International Social Science Council (ISSC): Fellowship programme launched
• Call for new editor: International Journal of Psychology IUPsyS has announced a search for the Editor of the International Journal of Psychology (IJP) for a four-year term 2014-2017 with options for renewal
• ICP 70th CONFERENCE
  Sevilla, 10-14 September 2012

Download International Psychologist, Volume 51, Number 4

Newsletter Highlights

• Message from:
  • President Dr. Ludwig Lowenstein, England :Grateful to all who have worked for the betterment of ICP and helped to move us forward. Please send Annual Reports of activities, to Ann Marie for inclusion in the next edition of the IP. Encouragement to obtain new members and encouragement to participate in the 2012 ICP conference in Sevilla, Spain.
  • Results on Membership vote for new Financial Policies
  • President-elect Dr. Tara Pir, USA: inviting all health and mental health professionals to submit their research and proposal abstracts related to the theme of our conference: Women and Immigration. Submission form is attached. Sub-missions are due by May 1st.
  • Past-President Dr. Ann O’Roarke, USA: Send board member nominations for 2012 elections to me in March, April, May so that details for ballot can be completed. ICP, Inc. opens its arms to welcome new members.
  • Treasurer Dr. Gerald L. Gamache, USA: Please, if you have not done so, pay your 2012 dues! Expe-dite that payment through the web site: ICPWEB.ORG. The ICP, Inc. Board of Directors and members approved the new policies developed and submitted by the Finance Committee last fall.
  • ICP 70th Conference: Sevilla, Spain: PROGRAM Schedule
    • Call for in absentia Poster Proposals due….
    • ABSTRACT SUBMISSION FORM
    • Call for 2012 CE Workshops
  • Nominations Call:Nominations Call: DISTINGUISHED CONTRIBUTION Frances Mullen AWARD
    All nominations should be sent by July 30, 2012 to Anna Laura Comunian E-Mail:
    annalaura.comunian@unipd.it /li>
  • CALL FOR PAPERS.Announcing the Seisoh Sukemune/Bruce Bain Encouragement of
    Early Career Research Award 2011 – 2012. Deadline Thursday, May 31, 2012
  • The Fukuhara Advanced International Psychology Research and Service Award
  • Regional and World Reports… Member News and more…….

ICP presence at 2012 International Congress of Psychology

President-Elect International Council of Psychologists Dr. Tara Pir

As president-elect and scientific program chair for the upcoming year, I would like to announce our presence at the 2012 International Congress of Psychology in South Africa, a distinguished event for international psychology held every four years under the auspices of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS). Our organization is a longstanding member and affiliate withIUPsyS, and our members have presented and collaborated at many Congress events over the years. Michael Stevens is our current liaison to IUPsyS.

This year, the International Council of Psychologists (ICP) decided to participate in supporting and sponsoring the Congress that will be held July 22-27, 2012, in Cape Town, South Africa. Although our Board has determined to have our 70^th Annual ICP Convention in Seville, Spain, September 10-14, 2012, it has been decided that members will also meet in South Africa, and some have prepared presentations and symposiums to present at the Congress. As we share and promote the goals and mission of IUPsyS, please join us in our support of the leadership that IUPsyS has provided to our organization and others around the world.   More information on the Congress can be found at: www.icp2012.com.

Download International Psychologist, Volume 51, Number 4